Joseph h



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J. H.' CAMPBELL.

METHOD 0F UTILIZING AQUA AMMONIA AS A MOTIVE POWEEIN ENGINES. No. 337,374, Patented Mar. 9, 1886.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH H. CAMPBELL, OF NEV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGN OR OF THREE-EIGHTHS 'IO CHARLES H. CAMPBELL AND JAMES MCLAIN, BOTH OF SAME PLACE.

METHOD 0F UTILIZING AQUA-AMMONIAAS A MOTIVE POWER IN ENGINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 337,374, dated March 9, 1886.

Application filed July 27, 1885. Serial No. 172.778. (No specimens.)

T0 all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, JOSEPH H. CAMPBELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Methods of Utilizing Aqua-Ammonia Vapor as a Motive Power in Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing. i.

My invention relates to improvements in the method of utilizing the vapor of aquaammonia as a motive power in engines.

The object of my invention is to maintain a high heat or working temperature within the cylinder of the engine, and also uniting the expanded vapor with the Weak solution and cooling the same, that it may be returned by the pump to the boiler.

My invention consists in the method here' inafter described of forcing a weak solution of aqua-ammonia into the cylinder of the engine, bringing it in contact with the expanded vapor within the cylinder, thereby con. densing or absorbing the expanded vapor, and by the act of absorption restoring to the cylinder the heat abstracted by the vapor in doing work by expansion, in order that there may be no loss of heat from the incoming vapor to heat the cylinder and piston up to the proper working temperature, and in this manner to also disseminate the heat of absorption, g

and thus cause the cylinder to assist the absorber.

In Vthe drawing I have shown in side elevation, partly in section, a reservoir, engine, and cylinder, cooler, absorber, pump, and the necessary connecting-pipes which constitute my device or plant, the boiler being omitted.

It may be necessary to state in this connection that the boiler-reservoir and other parts of the engine, except the devices which inject the solution into the cylinder, and the devices which carry off the exhaust, are essentially of the same construction as shown, described, and claimed in an application prepared by me of even date herewith, Serial No. 172,776.

As before stated, the boiler is not shown, but it connects with the dynamical reservoirA sage of t-he vapor from the upper portion or vapor-space ofthe boiler to the dynamical reservoir A. The pipe B leads also from 'the boiler, and conveys the solution by means of coils through the reservoir, where it parts with its heat to snpcrheat the vapor in the rcservoir, from whence it passes through the cooler C, and is connected to the cylinder in such a manner as to inject jets or spray of the cold weak solution into the cylinder, as will be more fully hereinafter described.

D is the cylinder, which may be provided with an outside casing, E, so arranged as to leave a space, F, between the cylinder D and outside casing, into which the unab'sorbed va por from the cylinder passes through the pipe G, saidl pipe being connected to t-he pipe H, which enters the space F, and into which is sprayed a cold weak solution of aqua-ammonia from the pipe B, which absorbs the vapor` coming from the cylinder through the pipe G.

H and I are branch-pipes leading from the pipe B and entering each end of the cylinder, said pipes being provided with valves K and L, connected by arod, M, and operated hy an eccentric, N, and rod O, from the main driving-shaft, in such a manner as to alternately cut off and supply the cold weak solution to each end of the cylinder.

The throttle-valve P being opened, the vapor is admitted from the reservoirA through the pipe B to the cylinder D, which drives the piston forward by full boiler-pressure to the front of cut-off. The remaining portion or balance of the stroke is effected by expansion. As soon as the piston completes the stroke,and has moved on the return-stroke, the valve L is opened and admits a spray of the cold weak solution from the pipe I. The cold weak solution coming in contact with the cold expanded vapor within the cylinder instantaneously absorbs it, making a partial vacuum on thatside of the piston, and heating the piston and working-surface of the cylinder by the heat of absorption to the proper working temperature, so that the vapor which is adsig mitted to make the returnstroke will not be ehilled'or its working: power iu'ipaired. Vhen this heat, either by continuous working' or by au excess of the weak solution, is so high as to revaporize any portion ot' the absorbed vapor, this Vapor is drawn ofi' through the pipe G into the pipe H, where it meets with the cold Weak solution i'roni the pipe B under boilenpressure, and is absorbed and forced into the jacketed space F of the cylinder, and passes thence to the absorber S. That portion of the vapor within the cylinder which has been absorbed and held in solution, is driven forward to the end of the cylinder by the piston, and passes out through the pipe or pipes T, said pipes being,` provided with an l ordinary steam-trap, (uotshowin) which pre- Vents the vapor rozn passing out while being used to operate the piston. t .i

It Will of course be understood that the piston is worked in both directions by the vapor, the valve K being brought into requisition by the returnstroke of the piston.

U is a pipe leading1 from the upper portion Orjaeketed space, F, tothe absorberS, through which the surplus vapor is conveyed from the space F to the absorber, and by which means any back-pressure on the pistonis preventech Having thus described my invention, what 4I elaini isl. rllhe method herein described of heating the cylinder and piston of a vapor-engine, which consists in bringing a cold weak solution in Contact with the cold expanded vapor within the cylinder of the engine, as set forth, whereby the cylinder and piston are heated to the proper working temperature by the heat of absorption.

2. The method herein described of heating the cylinder and piston ol' a vaponengine, the saine consisting in injecting a cold weak solution of aqua-ammonia alternately at each end Gi the Cylinder, said cold Weak solution being delivered under boiler-pressure, as set forth.

3. The method herein described of disseminating the` heat ot' absorption, the same consisting in bringing the liquid and expanded vapor when in the act ol' solution in contact Withthe piston and'working-surface of the cylinder'and imparting its heat thereto.

In testimony whereof I atlix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

- JOSEPH H. CAMPBELL.

Witnesses:

N. D Anms, Jules MCLAIN. 

